The Effect of Smoke on Cardiovascular Health and Educational Measures
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61173/nq1ftx89Keywords:
Smoke, cardiovascular health, educational measuresAbstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Cigarette smoking is a strong risk factor for the development of this cancer. Vasomotor function is damaged due to harmful cigarette smoke including nicotine, carbon monoxide, and oxidants full of toxic substances. It may also promote inflammation, change lipid profiles, and hasten the progression of cardiovascular disease. The most important steps to be taken are enhancing family-based interventions, school education, and social support systems essential for preventing smoking initiation and cessation. This work is critical to address the global toll of smoking-related heart disease if we are ever going to achieve better population health outcomes. In reviewing the effects of smoking on cardiovascular diseases, this review reveals its disastrous consequences which could accelerate atherosclerosis, contribute to raised heart rate and blood pressure, and faulty clot formation predisposing patients to myocardial infarction (heart attack) or stroke. The review also detailed the health benefits of education to quit smoking, which should ultimately help stave off CVD.
References
[1] NIH. Smoking and Your Heart - How Smoking Affects the Heart and Blood Vessels | NHLBI, NIH. Nih.gov. Published March 24, 2022. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart/ smoking#:~:text=Smoking%20and%20Your%20Heart%20 and%20Blood%20Vessels&text=The%20chemicals%20you%20 inhale%20when
[2] Lee JE, Cooke JP. The role of nicotine in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 2011;215(2):281-283. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.01.003
[3] Ambrose JA, Barua RS. The pathophysiology of cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2004;43(10):1731-1737. doi:https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jacc.2003.12.047
[4] Czernin J, Waldherr C. Cigarette smoking and coronary blood flow. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. 2003;45(5):395-404. doi:https://doi.org/10.1053/pcad.2003.00104
[5] Zhu B, Parmley WW. Hemodynamic and vascular effects of active and passive smoking. American Heart Journal. 1995;130(6):1270-1275. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0002- 8703(95)90154-x
[6] Zevin S, Saunders S, Gourlay SG, Jacob P, Benowitz NL. Cardiovascular effects of carbon monoxide and cigarette smoking. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2001;38(6):1633-1638. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735- 1097(01)01616-3
[7] Schwartz L, Guais A, Chaumet-Riffaud P, et al. Carbon dioxide is largely responsible for the acute inflammatory effects of tobacco smoke. Inhalation Toxicology. 2010;22(7):543-551. doi:https://doi.org/10.3109/08958370903555909
[8] Guidelines for School Health Programs to Prevent Tobacco Use and Addiction . CDC. Published 2019. https://www.cdc.gov/ mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00026213.htm
[9] Golechha M. Health promotion methods for smoking prevention and cessation: A comprehensive review of effectiveness and the way forward. International Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2016;7(1):7. doi:https://doi. org/10.4103/2008-7802.173797
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 by the authors.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
