3D Bio printed Biomimetic Bone Scaffolds for Osteoporotic Fracture Repair

Abstract

With the aging of the population and the increase of traumatic events, traditional bone repair materials are facing problems such as insufficient donors, immune rejection and mechanical mismatch, and are particularly difficult to meet the repair needs of osteoporotic fractures. 3D bioprinting technology provides an innovative solution for bone tissue engineering through the bionic strategy of "component-structure-function". This article focuses on the scenario of osteoporotic fractures in the elderly, systematically exploring the material design logic, functional verification system and clinical transformation path of 3D bioprinted bionic bone scaffolds, aiming to break through the traditional technical bottlenecks and promote precise bone regeneration. Existing studies have shown that the boron ions released from the degradation of BBG stents can activate osteogenic signals. The survival rate of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells is as high as 95%, the in vitro ALP activity is increased by 3.8 times, and the vascularized bone volume in vivo is doubled compared with the single-cell group. The multi-nozzle parallel printing technology will significantly increase production capacity, and the supercritical CO₂ sterilization technology retains more than 90% of the growth factor activity. Despite the current challenges such as material homogenization and high individualized costs, in the future, by integrating gene editing, dynamic metabolic regulation materials, and AI optimization, it is expected to drive the transformation of bone tissue engineering from a "static replacement" paradigm to a "dynamic regeneration" one, laying the foundation for large-scale clinical application.