The Relationship between Genome Size and Plant Adaptability to the Environment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61173/ye3kdh79Keywords:
—genome size, adaptability to the environ-ment, environmental factorAbstract
Genome size (GS) can predict the functional shape of plants and is closely related to the adaptability of plants to the environment. GS can also predict the strategy of plant domestication and invasion, but there are few studies on how the size of genome affects the environmental adaptability of plants. This paper analyzes the research on the size of plant genome and temperature, humidity and nutrients. It is found that plants with small GS have stronger adaptability to high temperature and drought environment and nutrient deficient environment, while plants with large GS are suitable to grow in high humidity and nutrient sufficient environment. This paper also analyzed the relationship between plant GS and plant invasion and domestication. Finally, this paper analyzed the relationship between polyploid and GS and its application in breeding, and obtained that the GS can be changed by changing plant ploidy, so as to improve the adaptability of plants to the environment. This provides a reference for future research on the adaptability of genomes and plants to the environment, as well as in breeding. Additionally, the unclear relationship between GS and more environmental factors such as heavy metals and high-altitude pollution remains unresolved. Future research can focus on studying the relationship between GS and more environmental factors, as well as the application direction of gene editing technology in changing GS.
References
[1] Faizullah L., Morton J. A., Hersch-Green E. I., Walczyk A. M., Leitch A. R., and Leitch I. J., “Exploring environmental selection on genome size in angiosperms,” Trends Plant Sci., vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 1039–1049, 2021.
[2] Lomax B. H., Hilton J., Bateman R. M., Upchurch G. Dean&Francis ISSN 2959-409X R., Lake J. A., Leitch I. J., Cromwell A., and Knight C. A., “Reconstructing relative genome size of vascular plants through geological time,” New Phytol., vol. 201, no. 2, pp. 636–644, 2014.
[3] Zhang L., Niu H., Wang S., Li Y., and Zhao X., “Effects of warming and grazing on stomatal density and stomatal length of four species in Kobresia humilis meadow,” Acta Ecol. Sin., vol. 30, no. 24, pp. 6961–6969, 2010.
[4] Bureš P., Elliott T. L., Veselý P., Šmarda P., Forest F., Leitch I. J., Nic Lughadha E., Soto Gomez M., Pironon S., Brown M. J. M., Šmerda J., and Zedek F., “The global distribution of angiosperm genome size is shaped by climate,” New Phytol., vol. 242, no. 2, pp. 744–759, 2024.
[5] Jumrani K., Bhatia V. S., and Pandey G. P., “Impact of elevated temperatures on specific leaf weight, stomatal density, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in soybean,” Photosynth. Res., vol. 131, no. 3, pp. 333–350, 2017.
[6] Sun J., Study on Environmental Adaptability Evolution of Populus tomentosa in Desert Based on Genomics. Xinjiang: Tarim University, 2024.
[7] Roddy A. B., Théroux-Rancourt G., Abbo T., Benedetti J. W., Brodersen C. R., and Castro M., “The scaling of genome size and cell size limits maximum rates of photosynthesis with implications for ecological strategies,” Int. J. Plant Sci., vol. 181, pp. 75–87, 2020.
[8] Símová I. and Herben T., “Geometrical constraints in the scaling relationships between genome size, cell size and cell cycle length in herbaceous plants,” Proc. Biol. Sci., vol. 279, no. 1730, pp. 867–875, 2012.
[9] Veselý P., Šmarda P., Bureš P., Stirton C., Muasya A. M., Mucina L., Horová L., Veselá K., Šilerová A., Šmerda J., and Knápek O., “Environmental pressures on stomatal size may drive plant genome size evolution: evidence from a natural experiment with Cape geophytes,” Ann. Bot., vol. 126, no. 2, pp. 323–330, 2020.
[10] Morton J. A., Arnillas C. A., Biedermann L., Borer E. T., Brudvig L. A., Buckley Y. M., Cadotte M. W., Davies K., Donohue I., Ebeling A., Eisenhauer N., Estrada C., Haider S., Hautier Y., Jentsch A., Martinson H., McCulley R. L., Raynaud X., Roscher C., Seabloom E. W., Stevens C. J., Vesela K., Wallace A., Leitch I. J., Leitch A. R., and Hersch-Green E. I., “Genome size influences plant growth and biodiversity responses to nutrient fertilization in diverse grassland communities,” PLoS Biol., vol. 22, no. 12, e3002927, 2024.
[11] Guo K., Pyšek P., van Kleunen M., Kinlock N. L., Lučanová M., Leitch I. J., Pierce S., Dawson W., Essl F., Kreft H., Lenzner B., Pergl J., Weigelt P., and Guo W. Y., “Plant invasion and naturalization are influenced by genome size, ecology and economic use globally,” Nat. Commun., vol. 15, no. 1, 1330, 2024.
[12] Zhao Y., Huang Z., Zhou X., Teng W., Liu Z., Wang W., Tang S., Liu Y., Liu J., Wang W., Chai L., Zhang N., Guo W., Liu J., Ni Z., Sun Q., Wang Y., and Zong Y., “Precise deletion, replacement and inversion of large DNA fragments in plants using dual prime editing,” Nat. Plants, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 191– 205, 2025.
[13] Anneberg T. J. and Segraves K. A., “Nutrient enrichment and neopolyploidy interact to increase lifetime fitness of Arabidopsis thaliana,” Plant Soil, vol. 456, no. 1, pp. 439–453, 2020.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 by the authors.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
