Correlation between Gut Microbiota and Obesity

Abstract

Obesity and its related metabolic disorder have turned into a significant global health issue. This review combines the present comprehension of the intricate ways by which the gut microbiome impacts the host's metabolism and obesity.Besides,it elucidates how the structure and functional makeup of the gut microbiome affect the energy equilibrium by controlling the energy derived from the diet, managing systemic lipid metabolism, and influencing endocrine functions. One vital mechanism is the function of the microbiome in disturbing the integrity of the intestinal barrier resulting in metabolic endotoxemia and chronic low - grade inflammation which then leads to insulin resistance and promotes fat accumulation and moreover this review underlines the part of microbial metabolites (such as short - chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and secondary bile acids) as signaling molecules which can influence the host's appetite regulation, insulin sensitivity, and thermogenesis in adipose tissue and evidence indicates that the traits of the gut microbiome causing obesity are typically an elevated proportion of Bacteroides and Fusobacterium which boost energy extraction and storage. While a healthy and diverse microbiome might prevent obesity induced by diet by increasing energy expenditure.