Research on CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing Technology in Cancer Treatment

Abstract

Gene editing technology represents a pioneering biotechnology that leverages molecular tools to achieve efficient and precise modifications of the DNA sequences within a biological genome, enabling the regulation of gene functions or the enhancement of traits. As a component of bacterial adaptive immunity, CRISPR/Cas9 has swiftly emerged as a revolutionary gene editing tool in the life sciences, outperforming traditional zinc finger nucleases and TALEN technologies in terms of editing efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The CRISPR-Cas gene editing tool boasts not only robust functionality but also remarkable specificity and efficiency, facilitating accurate and rapid screening of the entire genome and enabling gene therapy for specific diseases. It has found widespread application in research pertaining to human disease treatment. In the realm of oncology, the CRISPR-Cas system can be employed to edit the genome and delve into the mechanisms underlying tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. This article provides a comprehensive review of the advancements in CRISPR/Cas9 research pertaining to lung cancer, cervical cancer, pancreatic cancer, and bladder cancer, encompassing key target screening, elucidation of drug resistance mechanisms, development of gene therapy vectors, and clinical trial outcomes. Furthermore, it delves into its potential for clinical application and existing challenges, offering a theoretical foundation for future precision cancer research endeavors.