The Impact of Nanoparticle-Modified Carriers on Drug Entry and Exit in Tumor Cells

Abstract

In recent years, malignant tumors have posed a severe threat to human health. Currently, most clinically used drug molecules are non-targeted chemical structure drugs with low bioavailability. The halogens or sulfur elements in their structures can easily cause toxic side effects to normal cells. High doses are required to achieve therapeutic concentrations, which may further exacerbate toxic side effects and lead to non-specific adverse reactions. Additionally, the rapid excretion of drugs can easily cause peak and trough phenomena, resulting in poor therapeutic effects. In contrast, nanoparticle carriers wrapped in cell membranes have gained widespread application in cancer treatment due to their high biocompatibility. They can disguise themselves as autologous cells, evade recognition and clearance by the immune system, prolong circulation time in the bloodstream, and enhance targeting to tumors. This is crucial for tumor drug delivery and treatment.