Epidemiological Characteristics, Transmission Dynamics, and Integrated Control Strategies of Chikungunya Fever

Abstract

Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne viral disease with an expanding global and regional footprint. This study investigates its epidemiological trends, molecular evolution, and control strategies, with a particular focus on recent developments in China. Drawing on data from 2010–2025, it integrates spatial, temporal, and genomic analyses to elucidate transmission dynamics and adaptive mutations. Globally, cyclical outbreaks occur every 3–5 years, driven primarily by the East/Central/South African (ECSA) lineage’s enhanced transmissibility via Aedes albopictus. In China, chikungunya has progressed from sporadic importations to limited local circulation, especially in Guangdong and Fujian provinces. Molecular evidence reveals ECSA-derived variants carrying adaptive mutations (E1:A226V, E2:L210Q) that confer improved vector adaptation. Persistent challenges—including misdiagnosis, fragmented surveillance systems, and inconsistent genomic monitoring—continue to hinder effective control. This study highlights the urgent need for integrated vector management, strengthened molecular surveillance, and regional cooperation to prevent endemic establishment and reduce chikungunya’s long-term public health and socioeconomic impacts.