Cancer Treatment Strategy Depending on CRISPR Technology

Abstract

Cancer keeps posing a major threat to human health all over the word. CRISPR technology is an emerging gene editing technique, which offers new ideas for cancer treatment. Compared with traditional therapies including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, it has many advantages such as complete cure, high precision, efficiency, and low side effects. The CRISPR system mainly consists of Cas9 and gRNA, of which gRNA helps recognize specific DNA sequences and guides the Cas9 protein to cleavage doublestrand. Subsequently, genetic mutations are produced in the process of repair mechanisms. CRISPR therapy for cancer has two main approaches, that are modifying immune cells and editing the genes of cancer cells. This article focused on CRISPR-based CAR-T technology to enhance their ability to recognize and destroy tumor cells. Another strategy directly targets cancer genomes, disabling oncogenes or restoring the function of tumorsuppressor genes. Despite these promising advances, several limitations of CRISPR-based technology remain including off-target effects, reducing editing efficiency, in vivo immune reactions to Cas proteins. Therefore, CRISPR-Cas9 is a versatile and powerful tool for advancing precision oncology, contributing to future clinical applications of more effective, gene-based cancer treatments.