Center Molecular Mechanisms of Non-coding RNAs and RNA Modifications in Colorectal Cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61173/d6qt9v33Keywords:
Colorectal cancer, ncRNAs, RNA modifica-tions, m6AAbstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor that occurs in the mucosal epithelial cells of the colon or rectum, with high mortality and morbidity. Therefore, the study of its molecular principle is more important. In recent years, more attention has been paid to the regulation of CRC by epigenetic factors, especially the regulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and RNA modifications. ncRNAs include miRNA, circRNA, and lncRNA. Among them, miRNAs regulate MAPKs, Wnt, and TGF-β signaling pathways and are involved in the tumor process. CircRNAs, as regulators of gene expression, can participate in various biological processes. lncRNA interacts with DNA, RNA, and proteins to regulate signaling pathways in various ways, potentially acting as biomarkers in non-invasive examinations. RNA modifications, especially N6-methyladenosine (m6A), affect CRC development. m6A consists of three proteins, writers, erasers, and readers, which maintain the stability of RNA modifications. Different levels of expression of these three proteins in CRC can lead to changes in the tumor microenvironment, gene expression, and other factors, and thus play an important role in CRC. ncRNAs and RNA modifications comprise the CRC epigenetic regulatory network, providing a new direction for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC in the future.
References
[1] Baidoun, F. et al. Colorectal Cancer Epidemiology: Recent Trends and Impact on Outcomes. Current Drug Targets 22, 998– 1009 (2020).
[2] Klimeck, L., Heisser, T., Hoffmeister, M. & Brenner, H. Colorectal cancer: A health and economic problem. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology 66, 101839 (2023).
[3] Mattick, J. S. & Makunin, I. V. Non-coding RNA. Human Molecular Genetics 15, R17–R29 (2006).
[4] Slack, F. J. & Chinnaiyan, A. M. The Role of Non-coding RNAs in Oncology. Cell 179, 1033–1055 (2019).
[5] B u s h a t i , N . & C o h e n , S . M . m i c r o R N A s i n neurodegeneration. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 18, 292– 296 (2008).
[6] Satoh, J. Molecular network of microRNA targets in Alzheimer’s disease brains. Experimental Neurology 235, 436– 446 (2012).
[7] Huang, X. et al. Dissecting miRNA signature in colorectal cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer Letters 501, 66–82 (2021).
[8] Lulli, M., Napoli, C., Landini, I., Mini, E. & Lapucci, A. Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Colorectal Cancer: Focus on Long Non-Coding RNAs. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, 13431 (2022).
[9] Xu, F., Xiao, Q., Du, W. W., Wang, S. & Yang, B. B. CircRNA: Functions, Applications and Prospects. Biomolecules 14, 1503 (2024).
[10] Zhang, Y., Luo, J., Yang, W. & Ye, W.-C. CircRNAs in colorectal cancer: potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Cell Death & Disease 14, 1–13 (2023).
[11] Long, F. et al. Intergenic CircRNA Circ_0007379 Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Progression by Modulating miR- 320aBiogenesis in a KSRP-Dependent Manner. International Journal of Biological Sciences 19, 3781–3803 (2023).
[12] Mattick, J. S. et al. Long non-coding RNAs: definitions, functions, challenges and recommendations. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 24, (2023).
[13] Ghafouri-Fard, S., Hussen, B. M., Gharebaghi, A., Eghtedarian, R. & Taheri, M. LncRNA signature in colorectal cancer. Pathology - Research and Practice 222, 153432 (2021).
[14] Tufail, M. HOTAIR in colorectal cancer: structure, function, and therapeutic potential. Medical Oncology 40, (2023).
[15] Jiang, X. et al. The role of m6A modification in the biological functions and diseases. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 6, 1–16 (2021).
[16] Xu, X. et al. The Emerging Clinical Application of m6A RNA Modification in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Its Associated Colorectal Cancer. Journal of Inflammation Research Volume 14, 3289–3306 (2021).
[17] Zhu, L., Zhang, H., Zhang, X. & Xia, L. RNA m6A methylation regulators in sepsis. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 479, 2165–2180 (2023).
[18] Chen, H. et al. METTL3 Inhibits Antitumor Immunity by Targeting m6A-BHLHE41-CXCL1/CXCR2 Axis to Promote Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology 163, 891–907 (2022).
[19] Qiao, H., Liu, L., Chen, J., Shang, B. & Wang, L. The functions of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modifications in colorectal cancer. Medical Oncology 39, (2022).
[20] Sun, C.-L., Chen, J., Xing, Z.-W. & Tao, G.-S. METTL14 suppresses cancer stem cell phenotype of colorectal cancer via regulating of β-catenin/NANOG. Journal of Cancer 14, 1407– 1416 (2023).
[21] Zhu, W., Wang, J.-Z., Wei, J.-F. & Lu, C. Role of m6A methyltransferase component VIRMA in multiple human cancers (Review). Cancer Cell International 21, (2021).
[22] Ma, L. et al. KIAA1429 is a potential prognostic marker in colorectal cancer by promoting the proliferation via downregulating WEE1 expression in an m6A-independent manner. Oncogene 41, 692–703 (2021).
[23] Jiang, X. et al. m6A modification on the fate of colorectal cancer: functions and mechanisms of cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Frontiers in Oncology 13, (2023).
[24] Ye, M. et al. Down-regulated FTO and ALKBH5 cooperatively activates FOXO signaling through m6A methylation modification in HK2 mRNA mediated by IGF2BP2 to enhance glycolysis in colorectal cancer. Cell & Bioscience 13, (2023).
[25] Qiao, Y. et al. Targeting FTO induces colorectal cancer ferroptotic cell death by decreasing SLC7A11/GPX4 expression. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 43, (2024).
[26] Shao, Y. et al. ALKBH5/YTHDF2‐mediated m6A modification of circAFF2 enhances radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer by inhibiting Cullin neddylation. Clinical and translational medicine 13, (2023).
[27] Bao Y. et al. Targeting m6A reader YTHDF1 augments antitumour immunity and boosts anti-PD-1 efficacy in colorectal cancer. Gut 72, 1497-1509 (2023).
[28] Tang, S., Liu, Q. & Xu, M. LINC00857 promotes cell proliferation and migration in colorectal cancer by interacting with YTHDC1 and stabilizing SLC7A5. Oncology Letters 22, (2021).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 by the authors.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
