From Nanotechnology to Targeted Therapy: Advances in Drug Delivery Systems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61173/ajgxw005Keywords:
Nanotechnology, Liposomes, Lipid nanopar-ticles, Targeted therapy, Controlled release, Clinical trans-lationAbstract
Advanced drug delivery systems (ADDS) have transformed modern therapeutics by improving drug pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and safety profiles. Nanotechnology — including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), metallic nanoparticles, and nanoemulsions — enables controlled release, enhanced solubility, image-guided delivery, and active targeting[1] [2]. Clinical successes such as liposomal doxorubicin, albumin-bound paclitaxel, siRNA LNP therapeutics, and mRNA vaccines illustrate both the promise and translational challenges of nanomedicine[3][4][5][8]. This review outlines historical development, compares major nanocarriers and targeting strategies, highlights clinical case studies, addresses biological and regulatory barriers, and emphasizes emerging directions including stimuli-responsive systems, personalized nanomedicine, and computational design[6][7][9]. Opportunities and limitations for converting laboratory concepts into clinically relevant therapies are discussed.
References
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[3] Adams, D., Gonzalez-Duarte, A., O’Riordan, W. D., et al. (2018). Patisiran, an RNAi Therapeutic, for Hereditary Transthyretin-Mediated Amyloidosis. NEJM, 379, 11–21.
[4] Polack, F. P., Thomas, S. J., Kitchin, N., et al. (2020). Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine. NEJM, 383, 2603–2615.
[5] Schoenmaker, L., Witzigmann, D., Kulkarni, J. A., et al. (2021). mRNA-lipid nanoparticle COVID-19 vaccines: Structure and stability. Int. J. Pharmaceutics.
[6] van der Meel, R., Vehmeijer, L. J., Kok, R. J., et al. (2019). Smart cancer nanomedicine. Nature Nanotechnology.
[7] Tran, S., DeGiovanni, P.-J., Piel, B., & Rai, P. (2017). Cancer nanomedicine: A review of recent success in drug delivery. Clin. Transl. Med.
[8] Suzuki, Y., Ishii, T., & et al. (2021). Difference in the lipid nanoparticle technology employed for Patisiran and COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Pharmaceutics/Review.
[9] Giri, P. M., et al. (2023). A recent review on cancer nanomedicine. Cancers (MDPI).
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