The Molecular Mechanisms and Current Clinical Applications of Paeoniflorin in Rheumatoid Arthritis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61173/wj78p986Keywords:
Paeoniflorin, rheumatoid arthritis, molecular mechanismAbstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease and a debilitating condition that significantly impacts patients’ lives, placing a considerable burden on healthcare systems and society as a whole. At the same time, natural medicinal compounds are gradually emerging as a key area of research due to their notable advantage of holistic regulation. Therefore, this paper concentrate data from a wide range of literature sources. To offers a more comprehensive perspective on the role and recent developments regarding paeoniflorin in the treatment of RA. Paeoniflorin is the principal constituent of white peony root. Research find that, the paeoniflorin exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by modulating multiple signalling pathways and regulating relevant lncRNA. Furthermore, a highly selective inhibitor from paeoniflorin, Ritlecitinib, is currently in Phase II clinal trials. The paper according to the limitations of paeoniflorin, put forward to the prospects for its use in the treatment of RA. And it is expect that this will bring about higher therapeutic effects, reducing the economic burden.
References
[1] CONFORTI A, DI COLA I, PAVLYCH V, et al. Beyond the joints, the extra-articular manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis[J]. Autoimmunity Reviews, 2021, 20(2): 102735.
[2] RADU A F, BUNGAU S G. Management of rheumatoid arthritis: an overview[J]. Cells, 2021, 10(11).
[3] CAI Y, ZHANG J, LIANG J, et al. The burden of rheumatoid arthritis: findings from the 2019 Global Burden of Diseases Study and forecasts for 2030 by Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis[J]. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2023, 12(4).
[4] WANG X Z, XIA L, ZHANG X Y, et al. The multifaceted mechanisms of paeoniflorin in the treatment of tumors: state-ofthe-art[J]. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2022, 149: 112800.
[5] OU X, YU Z, PAN C, et al. Paeoniflorin: a review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicity in diabetes[J]. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2025, 16: 1551368.
[6] CHEN L, ZHAO J, MENG Q. From genetic variants to therapeutic targets: insights into understanding rheumatoid arthritis[J]. Frontiers in Immunology, 2025, 16: 1556971.
[7] CHEN Q, LI Y Z. Research progress on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides[J]. Journal of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 2025, 26(09): 1056-1062.
[8] HUO X, PENG Y, LI H, et al. The emerging role of vascular endothelial cell-mediated angiogenesis in the imbalance of RA synovial microenvironment and its clinical relevance[J]. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2025, 16: 1481089.
[9] HUO X G, HU X T, CHEN L X, et al. Study on the stability of paeoniflorin[J]. China Sciencepaper, 2017, 12(18): 2092- 2097.
[10] ZHAO M, PENG N, ZHOU Y, et al. The immunoregulatory effects of total glucosides of peony in autoimmune diseases[J]. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 2025, 117(2).
[11] YANG F, SHEN J Y, CAI H. Paeoniflorin upregulates lncRNA MALAT1 to inhibit the Wnt1/β-catenin pathway and promote apoptosis of human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblastlike synoviocytes[J]. Chinese Journal of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2022, 38(08): 692-698.
[12] LIANG C L, LU W, QIU F, et al. Paeoniflorin ameliorates murine lupus nephritis by increasing CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells via enhancing mTNFα-TNFR2 pathway[J]. Biochemical Pharmacology, 2021, 185: 114434.
[13] JIA Z, HE J. Paeoniflorin ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis in rat models through oxidative stress, inflammation and cyclooxygenase 2[J]. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 2016, 11(2): 655-659.
[14] HUANG L, HU S, SHAO M, et al. Combined Cornus officinalis and Paeonia lactiflora Pall therapy alleviates rheumatoid arthritis by regulating synovial apoptosis via AMPK- mediated mitochondrial fission[J]. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2021, 12: 639009.
[15] MATSSON A, SOLOMON D H, CRABTREE M M, et al. Patterns in the sequential treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis starting a biologic or targeted synthetic diseasemodifying antirheumatic drug: 10-year experience from a US- based registry[J]. ACR Open Rheumatology, 2024, 6(1): 5-13.
[16] SAGARA M, MAJJAD A, TOUFIK H, et al. Impact of long-term glucocorticoid therapy on the response to biologic Dean&Francis ISSN 2959-409X agents in rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective observational study[J]. Cureus, 2025, 17(12): e98824.
[17] TELLIEZ J B, DOWTY M E, WANG L, et al. Discovery of a JAK3-selective inhibitor: functional differentiation of JAK3-selective inhibition over pan-JAK or JAK1-selective inhibition[J]. ACS Chemical Biology, 2016, 11(12): 3442-3451.
[18] ROBINSON M F, DAMJANOV N, STAMENKOVIC B, et al. Efficacy and safety of PF-06651600 (Ritlecitinib), a novel JAK3/TEC inhibitor, in patients with moderate-tosevere rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to methotrexate[J]. Arthritis & Rheumatology, 2020, 72(10): 1621- 1631.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 by the authors.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
