Application of Different Dietary Patterns in Hyperuricemia/Gout

Abstract

Hyperuricemia and gout, as common metabolic diseases, have witnessed a continuous increase in incidence in recent years, becoming a significant issue that seriously affects public health. Dietary intervention, serve as an essential constituent of lifestyle management, plays a vital role in the prevention and treatment of these diseases. This article reviews the research progress of low-purine diet, Mediterranean diet, and Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet in hyperuricemia and gout. Researches have indicated that the low-purine diet, as a traditional intervention strategy, can effectively reduce purine load, rapidly lower blood uric acid, and improve metabolic indicators; the MD can significantly decrease serum uric acid and reduce gout risk through improving insulin resistance, anti-inflammation, and promoting uric acid excretion; the DASH diet, while controlling blood pressure, reduces uric acid by increasing mineral intake and improving renal uric acid excretion. Although existing evidence indicates that all three dietary patterns have certain effects, the research still has limitations such as insufficient sample size, short follow-up time, and insufficient population specificity. Future study should carry on large-scale, multi-center clinical tests and combine multi-omics technologies to further clarify the mechanisms of dietary patterns on uric acid metabolism, in order to provide more reliable evidence for precise dietary intervention in hyperuricemia and gout.