Efficacy Analysis of Guizhi Fuling Wan in the Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea

Abstract

Primary dysmenorrhea is a highly prevalent benign gynecological disorder among women of childbearing age. Its core pathogenesis lies in the excessive synthesis and release of endometrial prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α). Guizhi Fuling Wan(GZFLW), a classic prescription in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for promoting blood circulation and resolving blood stasis, has been widely used in the clinical treatment of this disease. This paper systematically reviews the molecular mechanisms and clinical evidence of GZFLW in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It can alleviate uterine smooth muscle spasm and pain through effecting the Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB)/Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/PGF2α Signaling Pathway, downregulating Oxytocin Receptor (OTR) Protein Expression and regulating small molecules in uterine tissues, with synergetic therapeutic efficacy with Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and a favorable safety profile. In view of the limitations of existing studies, which are mostly focused on combination medication and lack comparative studies with other TCM preparations. Monotherapy research can be explored in the future to improve the relevant evidence-based foundation.