The direct link between adult hippocampal neurogenesis and mouse’s enhanced vulnerability to drug addiction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61173/v6fyaz93Keywords:
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), Drug addiction, Brain reward pathwayAbstract
Drug addiction has long been a problem in human history, causing a series of physiological and mental issues. Among them, cocaine is known for its relatively strong damage to the human body, and many studies have been done on its addictive features. Throughout the past decade, researchers have been perpetually searching for ways to improve the treatment for drug addiction, especially cocaine addiction. By testing the effect of reduced adult hippocampal neurogenesis on mice, researchers in previous studies have found that there exists either a direct or indirect relationship between adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and cocaine addiction. This article examines previous studies that used cocaine to test the relationship between reduced AHN and the vulnerability to addiction in mice and compares cocaine with other types of strong drugs to analyze whether the same relationship with AHN exists for those drugs as well.
References
Adinoff, B. (2004). Neurobiological processes in drug reward and addiction. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 12(6), 305–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/10673220490910844 Bulin, S. E., Mendoza, M. L., Richardson, D. R., Song, K. H.,
Solberg, T. D., Yun, S., & Eisch, A. J. (2017). Dentate gyrus neurogenesis ablation via cranial irradiation enhances morphine self-administration and locomotor sensitization. Addiction Figure 5. C-Fos expression shows that Biology, 23(2), 665–675. https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.12524
different brain regions’ activities are altered Castilla-Ortega, E., & Santín, L. J. (2020). Adult hippocampal after treating rats with TMZ (Castilla-Ortega neurogenesis as a target for cocaine addiction: A review of recent et al., 2015). developments. Current Opinion in Pharmacology, 50, 109–116. As mentioned previously, opioids (heroin, Fentanyl, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2019.10.002 morphine) function and alter the brain reward pathway Castilla-Ortega, E., Blanco, E., Serrano, A., Ladrón de differently compared with stimulants (cocaine and Guevara-Miranda, D., Pedraz, M., Estivill-Torrús, G., Pavón,
methamphetamine). The dorsal-ventral circuits connected F. J., Rodríguez de Fonseca, F., & Santín, L. J. (2015). by Haber’s loops are interdependent for stimulants, but Pharmacological reduction of adult hippocampal neurogenesis for opioids, the circuits are independent. However, since modifies functional brain circuits in mice exposed to a cocaine the brain regions involved in both brain reward pathways conditioned place preference paradigm. Addiction Biology, are similar (both involve the activation of the VTA, the 21(3), 575–588. https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.12248 NAc, the PFC, the hippocampus, and other previously Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Multiple mentioned brain regions), the reduced AHN will possibly cause of death data on CDC Wonder. Centers for Disease also affect opioid-seeking behaviors and enhance mice’s Control and Prevention. https://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd.html
vulnerability to opioids. Both types of drugs go through Cooper, S., Robison, A. J., & Mazei-Robison, M. S. (2017). the mesolimbic pathway (VTA-NAc) and involve the Reward circuitry in addiction. Neurotherapeutics, 14(3), 687– PFC, CA, and MSN areas, which are areas influenced 697. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-017-0525-z by reduced AHN. Therefore, the effect of reduced adult Deschaux, O., Vendruscolo, L. F., Schlosburg, J. E., Diazhippocampal neurogenesis should be similar for both Aguilar, L., Yuan, C. J., Sobieraj, J. C., George, O., Koob, G. F.,
stimulants and opioids. & Mandyam, C. D. (2012). Hippocampal neurogenesis protects against cocaine-primed relapse. Addiction Biology, 19(4), 562– 4. Conclusion 574. https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.12019 Reduced adult hippocampal neurogenesis is shown to Drug overdose death statistics [2023]: Opioids, Fentanyl & enhance a mouse’s vulnerability to drug addiction by more. NCDAS. (2023, January 1). https://drugabusestatistics. Dean&Francis org/drug-overdose-deaths/ org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.06.011
Gardner, E. L. (2011). Addiction and brain reward and Neuroscience News. (2023, February 21). Brain circuit Antireward Pathways. Chronic Pain and Addiction, 22–60. involved in fentanyl abuse and relapse identified. https:// https://doi.org/10.1159/000324065 neurosciencenews.com/brain-circuit-fentanyl-addiction-22538/
Husain, M. (2023). The Addicted Brain: Differences between Niibori, Y., Yu, T.-S., Epp, J. R., Akers, K. G., Josselyn, S. A.,
heroin and cocaine? Brain, 146(4), 1227–1227. https://doi. & Frankland, P. W. (2012). Suppression of adult neurogenesis org/10.1093/brain/awad065 impairs population coding of similar contexts in hippocampal Jasinska, A. J., Stein, E. A., Kaiser, J., Naumer, M. J., & CA3 region. Nature Communications, 3(1). https://doi.
Yalachkov, Y. (2014). Factors modulating neural reactivity to org/10.1038/ncomms2261 drug cues in addiction: A survey of human neuroimaging studies. Noonan, M. A., Bulin, S. E., Fuller, D. C., & Eisch, A. J.
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 38, 1–16. https:// (2010). Reduction of adult hippocampal neurogenesis confers doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.10.013 vulnerability in an animal model of cocaine addiction.
Kavanagh, O. N., & Machado, T. C. (2023). A method of The Journal of Neuroscience, 30(1), 304–315. https://doi. diamorphine (heroin) administration for harm reduction. Harm org/10.1523/jneurosci.4256-09.2010
Reduction Journal, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-023- Peters, J., Pattij, T., & De Vries, T. J. (2013). Targeting cocaine 00758-1 versus heroin memories: Divergent roles within ventromedial
Kim, J., Ham, S., Hong, H., Moon, C., & Im, H.-I. (2016a). Brain prefrontal cortex. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 34(12), reward circuits in morphine addiction. Molecules and Cells, 689–695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2013.10.004 39(9), 645–653. https://doi.org/10.14348/molcells.2016.0137 Rivera, P. D., Simmons, S. J., Reynolds, R. P., Just, A. L.,
Kiyatkin, E. A. (2019). Respiratory depression and brain Birnbaum, S. G., & Eisch, A. J. (2019). Image‐guided cranial hypoxia induced by opioid drugs: Morphine, oxycodone, heroin, irradiation‐induced ablation of dentate gyrus neurogenesis and Fentanyl. Neuropharmacology, 151, 219–226. https://doi. impairs extinction of recent morphine reward memories. org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.008 Hippocampus, 29(8), 726–735. https://doi.org/10.1002/
Koob, G. F., & Volkow, N. D. (2016). Neurobiology of hipo.23071 addiction: A neurocircuitry analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). The 3(8), 760–773. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(16)00104-8 reward circuit: How the brain responds to methamphetamine. Kramer, J., Dick, D. M., King, A., Ray, L. A., Sher, K. J., Vena, National Institutes of Health. https://nida.nih.gov/videos/reward-
A., Vendruscolo, L. F., & Acion, L. (2020). Mechanisms of circuit-how-brain-responds-to-methamphetamine
alcohol addiction: Bridging Human and Animal Studies. Alcohol Sartor, G. C., & Aston-Jones, G. (2013). Post-retrieval extinction and Alcoholism, 55(6), 603–607. https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/ attenuates cocaine memories. Neuropsychopharmacology, 39(5), agaa068 1059–1065. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2013.323
Lewis, R. G., Florio, E., Punzo, D., & Borrelli, E. (2021). The Zhang, J., Song, C., Dai, J., Li, L., Yang, X., & Chen, Z. (2022). Brain’s reward system in health and disease. Circadian Clock in Mechanism of opioid addiction and its intervention therapy: Brain Health and Disease, 57–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3- Focusing on the reward circuitry and mu‐opioid receptor. 030-81147-1_4 MedComm, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/mco2.148
Lynch, W. J., Peterson, A. B., Sanchez, V., Abel, J., & Smith, M. Zhang, L., & Yuan, T.-F. (2019). Exercise and substance abuse.
A. (2013). Exercise as a novel treatment for drug addiction: A International Review of Neurobiology, 269–280. https://doi. neurobiological and stage-dependent hypothesis. Neuroscience org/10.1016/bs.irn.2019.07.007 & Biobehavioral Reviews, 37(8), 1622–1644. https://doi.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 by the authors.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
