Exploring the Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Various Diseases: Implications and Potential Therapeutic Strategies

Abstract

This study examines prospective therapeutic approaches to modulate Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) for disease intervention and emphasizes the significant role of ER stress in the pathophysiology of numerous diseases. ER stress is an intracellular stress response when the ER fails to properly fold and repair proteins. This cellular stress response holds crucial relevance in developing many diseases, such as metabolic-related diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. This work reviews the underlying mechanisms of ER stress and summarizes its association with various diseases. ER stress can lead to the disordered accumulation of intracellular proteins and the abnormality of cell function, impairing the normal physiological function of cells. These abnormal processes are closely related to disease development.Furthermore, several potential therapeutic options have been described, aiming to modulate ER stress and alleviate symptoms of associated diseases. These therapeutic options include small molecules, chemical chaperones, modulation of the UPR signaling pathway, gene therapy, and more. By modulating ER stress, researchers can intervene in disease development and provide new ideas and methods for preventing and treating these diseases.