3D Printed Titanium Alloy in Bone Repair

Authors

  • Jingwei Zhang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61173/yfnfzd62

Keywords:

Titanium alloy, bone repair, 3D printing

Abstract

Today, with more and more cases of bone injury around the world, people are now in need of efficient bone care. The 3D printing technique has found wide application in the field of bone restoration. Metallic materials are widely used in clinic, and Ti alloy is a good medical material for its outstanding properties. The advantages and disadvantages of 3 main 3D-printing techniques for metals are discussed, including selective laser melting (SLM), electronic beam melting (EBM) and binder jetting (BJG). Therefore, 3 kinds of powder technology suitable for Ti alloy are presented, including plasma rotating electrode process (PREP), gas atomization (GA) and plasma atomization (PA). In addition, the presentation and optimal application of 3D printed Ti alloys in the treatment of bone diseases are also discussed. Through a review of the latest advances in relevant areas, this article will offer valuable data and instruction to apply 3D printing to bone treatment.

References

nadium-without and aluminum alloys for implantation is the Treatment of Bone Defects. Pharmaceuticals, 2022, 15: 879. based on Ti-6Al-4V implants. Examples of such novel al- [2]Chen Jiatian, Zhou Huaijuan, Fan Yingwei, et al.3D loys are Ti6Al-7Nb (ASTM F1295), ASTM F1713 (ASTM printing for bone repair: Coupling infection therapy and defect

F1713), Ti-12Mo6Zr (ASTM F1813) [26]. The present regeneration. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 471: 144537. tendency is that the combination of the recombinant BMP [3]Niu Jingzhe, Sun Zhonggang, Chang Hui ,et al. Review on 9 (rhBMP9) and the 3D printing porous titanium is ob- 3D Printing of Biomedical Titanium Alloy. Rare Metal Materials

tained to acquire the compound scaffold [28]. Zhu et al and Engineering, 2019, 48(5): 1697-1706. combined rhBMP9 and Ti6Al4V scaffolds made using [4]Gu Y, Sun Y, Shujaat S, et al. 3D-printed porous Ti6Al4V EBM technique to produce a complex structure with ex- scaffolds for long bone repair in animal models: a systematic

cellent mechanical performance and biological activity for review. J Orthop Surg Res, 2022, 17: 68. the restoration of bone [29]. [5]Wu Y, Zhou H, Zeng Y, et al. Recent Advances in Copper-

Titanium alloys have been shown to have the best bio- Doped Titanium Implants. Materials, 2022, 15: 2342. compatibility in biomedical applications. But its biologi- [6]Xu Y, Zhang F, Zhai W, et al. Unraveling of Advances in

cal compatibility is inferior to that of the biological active 3D-Printed Polymer-Based Bone Scaffolds. Polymers, 2022, 14: substances such as CaP or HAP, which is classified as a 566. bioactive material. In order to enhance the biocompati- [7]Li Z, Wang Q, Liu G. A Review of 3D Printed Bone Implants.

bility, the phosphor - calcium - based ceramics are often Micromachines, 2022, 13: 528. applied to the surface of the titanium alloy. [8]Parthasarathy J, Starly B, Raman S et al. Mechanical evaluation of porous titanium (Ti6Al4V) structures with electron 6. Conclusion beam melting (EBM). J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 2010, 3: There are many factors that prevent the human skeleton 249–259. from repairing itself when it is damaged. 3D printing [9]Gu Y, Sun Y, Shujaat S et al. 3D-printed porous Ti6Al4V technology plays an important role in personalized bone scaffolds for long bone repair in animal models: a systematic

therapy. Titanium alloy has become the mainstream of review. J Orthop Surg Res, 2022, 17: 68. metallic medical implants with its excellent performance, [10]Rodriguez-Contreras A, Punset M, Calero JA, et al. Powder and with the assistance of 3D printing technology, its metallurgy with space holder for porous titanium implants: a

potential can be better utilized. The three mainstream 3D review. J Mater Sci Technol, 2021, 76: 129–149. printing technologies for metallic materials, SLM, EBM, [11]Shi YL, Guo ZM, Li XM, et al. Study on Preparation of and BJG, and the three-titanium alloy powder production Cellular Ti6Al4V Porous Titanium Skeleton by 3D Printing-Gel

technologies, PREP, GA, and PA, presented in this paper, Casting. Powder Metall Ind, 2018, 28: 34–39. [12]Zhang C, Ren Y, Chen X.The Development Situation of Dean&Francis

Selective Laser Melting Metal Powder Based on 3D Printing. technology. Mater Sci Eng C, 2008, 28(3): 366. Proceedings of 2014 International Conference on Experimental [22]Dérand P, Rännar LE, Hirsch JM, et al. Imaging, Virtual

and Applied Mechanics, 2014: 7. Planning, Design, and Production of Patient-Specific Implants [13]Yan X, Yin S, Chen C, et al. Effect of heat treatment on the and Clinical Validation in Craniomaxillofacial Surgery.

phase transformation and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Reconstr, 2012, 5(3): 137.

fabricated by selective laser melting. J Alloys Compd, 2018, [23]Li M, Du W, Elwany A, et al. Metal Binder Jetting Additive 764: 1056–1071. Manufacturing: A Literature Review. ASME J Manuf Sci Eng, [14]Zhou Y, Zhang K, Liang Y, et al. Selective Laser Melted 2020, 142(9): 090801. Magnesium Alloys: Fabrication, Microstructure and Property. [24]Amir M, Amy M, John E, et al. Binder jet 3D printing—

Materials, 2022, 15: 7049. Process parameters, materials, properties, modeling, and [15]Gokuldoss PK, Kolla S, Eckert J. Additive Manufacturing challenges. Progress in Materials Science, 2021, 119: 100707. Processes: Selective Laser Melting, Electron Beam Melting and [25]Jang TS, Kim D, Han G, et al. Powder based additive

Binder Jetting—Selection Guidelines. Materials, 2017, 10: 672. manufacturing for biomedical application of titanium and its [16]Gao B, Zhao H, Peng L, et al. A Review of Research alloys: a review. Biomed Eng Lett, 2020, 10, 505–516. Progress in Selective Laser Melting (SLM). Micromachines, [26]Yu S, Zhao Y, Zhao G, et al. Review on preparation 2023, 14: 57. technology and properties of spherical powders. Int J Adv Manuf [17]Necati U, Adem C, Kubilay A. Machinability of 3D printed Technol, 2024, 132: 053–1069. metallic materials fabricated by selective laser melting and [27]Mathias LE, Pinotti VE, Batistão BF, et al. Metal powder electron beam melting: A review. Journal of Manufacturing as feedstock for laser-based additive manufacturing: From

Processes, 2022, 80: 414-457. production to powder modification. Journal of Materials [18]Milberg J, Sigl M. Electron beam sintering of metal powder. Research, 2024, 39: 19–47.

Prod Eng Res Devel, 2008, 2: 117–122. [28]Somjit M, Ali S, Wang C. Experimental and numerical [19]Kolamroudi MK, Asmael M, Ilkan M, et al. Developments investigations on molten metal atomization techniques – A

on Electron Beam Melting (EBM) of Ti–6Al–4V: A Review. critical review,Advanced Powder Technology, 2022, 33(11):

Trans Indian Inst Met, 2021, 74: 783–790. 103809. [20]Murr LE, Amato KN, Li SJ, et al. Microstructure and [29]Shaun Z, Wing L, Andrew N. Atomization of metal and mechanical properties of open-cellular biomaterials prototypes alloy powders: Processes, parameters, and properties. AIChE J,

for total knee replacement implants fabricated by electron beam 2023, 69(11): e18217.

melting. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 2011, 4(7): 1396. [30]Sun P, Fang ZZ, Zhang Y, et al. Review of the methods for [21]Harrysson OL, Cansizoglu O, Marcellin-Little DJ, et al. production of spherical Ti and Ti alloy powder. JOM, 2017, Direct metal fabrication of titanium implants with tailored 69(10): 1853–1860. materials and mechanical properties using electron beam melting

Downloads

Published

2024-06-06