Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Triple-negative Breast Cancer: the Impact and Potential of the TME

Abstract

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is considered to be the most immunized breast cancer subtype. Compared with other types of breast cancer, it has higher invasion and poor prognosis, accounting for about accounting All breast cancer is 15%to 20%. And TNBC’s tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILS) number, programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-L1) expression level and tumor mutation burgen (TMB), These indicators are higher than other subtype breast cancer, and it is prompted that TNBC’s Tumor Microenvironment (TME) has strong immune activity, which provides a certain foundation for immunotherapy in the application and promotion of immunotherapy in TNBC. Immunotherapy provides TNBC with a new treatment strategy by activating and attacking tumor cells by activating the patient’s own immune system. The immunotherapy of TNBC is roughly divided into: immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), adoptive cell transfer therapy (ACT), Cancer Vaccines (CVS), and oncolytic virus (OVS). The treatment of immunotherapy on TNBC is of great significance. For this reason, this article further explores how the four major immunotherapies can identify and attack tumor cells by activating the patient’s own immune system. Whether the therapy is effective for TNBC patients, put forward new possibilities for treatment and pave the way for subsequent researchers’ experiments. This study will provide new insights and directions for TNBC’s treatment.