The Application and Prospects of Protein Therapy in the Treatment of T1DM

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease with complex causes. The current treatment methods are mostly exogenous insulin injections, which are costly and have limited therapeutic effects, placing a heavy burden on patients. Existing research shows that targeted therapy has huge application potential in the treatment of T1DM. Therefore, this study explores protein therapies targeting immune regulation, enhancing β-cell function and reducing complications based on important targets in the pathogenesis of T1DM. In addition, this article provides a comprehensive analysis and comparison of recent clinical trials. Although there are currently protein therapies entering the clinical trial stage, research gaps still exist in understanding the exact mechanisms and long-term efficacy of these treatments. This article analyzes the research results of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), growth factors, immune regulatory cytokines and signaling molecules in T1DM disease management. By elucidating gaps in therapeutic potential and current understanding, this study provides valuable insights for future research to guide more effective and comprehensive treatments for T1DM.