The Role and Regulation Factors of HIF-1A in Bone Regeneration

Abstract

As one of the most common diseases, bone injury has shown an upward trend during decades. Recent research have shown much more focus on regulating bone homeostasis and it details homeostasis and other pathways to accelerate initial recovery, which has a positive effect on both injuries and further treatment. This review discussed how HIF-1A dual-directionally regulates two important bone-related cells-osteoclasts and osteoblasts. and osteoblasts. It was found that HIF-1A could regulate cells through various pathways, including affecting their progenitor cells, metabolic pattern and HIF-1A downstream genes. This paper also discussed the regulation pathway of HIF-1A on both chemical and physical leading signals. The mechanical factors like substrate stiffness or shear stress have been studied that could regulate HIF-1A activity. Research has also found the effect of extracellular pH on HIF-1A activity through its two degradations PHD and VHL. This review summarized the HIF-1A effect on bone homeostasis with the regulatory pathways that could regulate its activity. This review also discusses the possible future research direction of how HIF-1A regulates its downstream genes and further influences hypoxia condition. It provides some valuable ideas for the development of this rapidly developing field.