Applications of Lipid Nanoparticles in CRISPR Technology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61173/ecc6db10Keywords:
CRISPR, lipid nanoparticles, carrier, gene editingAbstract
Clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) genome editing is one of the most popular gene editing techniques with its simpleness, convenience, and efficiency. Nowadays, CRISPR-Cas9 technology has been used in agriculture, medicine, biology, and many other fields for screening target genes, creating modal animals, and gene therapy. However, there are still obstacles before clinical applications of CRISPR-Cas9, and a safe and effective delivery system is required for transportation. Studies have shown that lipid-nanoparticle-based delivery, using lipid nanoparticle (LNP) as the carrier, is a good method of transportation. LNP is a vesica-like globule composed of a lipid shell adorned with signal proteins and goods inside it. LNP improved the stability and immunogenicity of the CRISPR-Cas9 system and has the merits of easy production and high modifiability, making it an ideal carrier with high potential in the future. This review introduces four basic components of LNP: localizable cationic lipids, polyethylene glycol (PEG) lipids, zwitterionic phospholipids, and cholesterol. This review focuses on the applications of LNP, including lipid-encapsulated gold nanoparticles, biocompatible monosized lipid-coated stellate mesoporous silica nanoparticles (LC-MSNs), biodegradable lipid and messenger RNA Nanoparticles, Mulberry leaf lipid nanoparticles, phenylboronic acid-derived lipid nanoparticles, lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles combined with ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction, cationic lipid-assisted PEG-b-PLGA nanoparticles, multi-valent N-Acetylgalactosamine-Lipid nanoparticles, etc. Further research in LNP and CRISPR systems is required to optimize the delivery properties for clinical applications.
References
[1] Wang JY, Doudna JA. CRISPR technology: A decade of genome editing is only the beginning. Science, 2023, 379(6629): eadd8643.
[2] Komor AC, Kim YB, Packer MS, Zuris JA, Liu DR. Programmable editing of a target base in genomic DNA without double-stranded DNA cleavage. Nature, 2016, 533(7603): 420- 424.
[3] Mitchell MJ, Billingsley MM, Haley RM, Wechsler ME, Peppas NA, Langer R. Engineering precision nanoparticles for drug delivery. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2021, 20(2): 101-124.
[4] Aziz A, Rehman U, Sheikh A, Abourehab MAS, Kesharwani P. Lipid-based nanocarrier mediated CRISPR/Cas9 delivery for cancer therapy. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023, 34(3): 398-418.
[5] Yonezawa S, Koide H, Asai T. Recent advances in siRNA delivery mediated by lipid-based nanoparticles. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 2020, 154-155: 64-78.
[6] Ghasemiyeh P, Mohammadi-Samani S. Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers as novel drug delivery systems: applications, advantages, and disadvantages. Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2018, 13(4): 288-303.
[7] Kazemian P, Yu SY, Thomson SB, Birkenshaw A, Leavitt BR, Ross CJD. Lipid-Nanoparticle-Based Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 Genome-Editing Components. Molecular Pharmacology, 2022, 19(6): 1669-1686.
[8] Suk JS, Xu Q, Kim N, Hanes J, Ensign LM. PEGylation as a strategy for improving nanoparticle-based drug and gene delivery. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 2016, 99(Pt A): 28- 51.
[9] Cheng X, Lee RJ. The role of helper lipids in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) designed for oligonucleotide delivery. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 2016, 99(Pt A): 129-137.
[10] Wang P, Zhang L, Zheng W, Cong L, Guo Z, Xie Y, Wang L, Tang R, Feng Q, Hamada Y, Gonda K, Hu Z, Wu X, Jiang X. Thermo-triggered Release of CRISPR-Cas9 System by Lipid-Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticles for Tumor Therapy. Angewandte Chemie-international Edition, 2018, 57(6): 1491- 1496.
[11] Noureddine A, Maestas-Olguin A, Saada EA, LaBauve AE, Agola JO, Baty KE, Howard T, Sabo JK, Espinoza CRS, Doudna JA, Schoeniger JS, Butler KS, Negrete OA, Brinker CJ, Serda RE. Engineering of monosized lipid-coated mesoporous silica Dean&Francis nanoparticles for CRISPR delivery. Acta biomaterialia, 2020, 114: 358-368.
[12] Liu J, Chang J, Jiang Y, Meng X, Sun T, Mao L, Xu Q, Wang M. Fast and Efficient CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing In Vivo Enabled by Bioreducible Lipid and Messenger RNA Nanoparticles. Advanced Materials, 2019, 31(33): e1902575.
[13] Wang M, Zuris JA, Meng F, Rees H, Sun S, Deng P, Han Y, Gao X, Pouli D, Wu Q, Georgakoudi I, Liu DR, Xu Q. Efficient delivery of genome-editing proteins using bioreducible lipid nanoparticles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016, 113(11): 2868-2873.
[14] Ma L, Ma Y, Gao Q, Liu S, Zhu Z, Shi X, Dai F, Reis RL, Kundu SC, Cai K, Xiao B. Mulberry Leaf Lipid Nanoparticles: A Naturally Targeted CRISPR/Cas9 Oral Delivery Platform for Alleviation of Colon Diseases. Small, 2024: e2307247.
[15] Matsumoto A, Stephenson-Brown AJ, Khan T, Miyazawa T, Cabral H, Kataoka K, Miyahara Y. Heterocyclic boronic acids display sialic acid selective binding in a hypoxic tumor relevant acidic environment. Chemical Science, 2017, 8(9): 6165-6170.
[16] Li Y, Wu P, Zhu M, Liang M, Zhang L, Zong Y, Wan M. High-Performance Delivery of a CRISPR Interference System via Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles Combined with Ultrasound-Mediated Microbubble Destruction for Tumor- Specific Gene Repression. Advanced Healthcare Materials, 2023, 12(10): e2203082.
[17] Sirsi SR, Borden MA. Advances in ultrasound mediated gene therapy using microbubble contrast agents. Theranostics, 2012, 2(12): 1208-1222.
[18] Yang XZ, Dou S, Sun TM, Mao CQ, Wang HX, Wang J. Systemic delivery of siRNA with cationic lipid assisted PEG- PLA nanoparticles for cancer therapy. Journal of Controlled Release, 2011, 156(2): 203-211.
[19] Kasiewicz LN, Biswas S, Beach A, Ren H, Dutta C, Mazzola AM, Rohde E, Chadwick A, Cheng C, Garcia SP, Iyer S, Matsumoto Y, Khera AV, Musunuru K, Kathiresan S, Malyala P, Rajeev KG, Bellinger AM. GalNAc-Lipid nanoparticles enable non-LDLR dependent hepatic delivery of a CRISPR base editing therapy. Nature Communications, 2023, 14(1): 2776.
[20] Nair JK, Willoughby JL, Chan A, Charisse K, Alam MR, Wang Q, Hoekstra M, Kandasamy P, Kel’in AV, Milstein S, Taneja N, O’Shea J, Shaikh S, Zhang L, van der Sluis RJ, Jung ME, Akinc A, Hutabarat R, Kuchimanchi S, Fitzgerald K, Zimmermann T, van Berkel TJ, Maier MA, Rajeev KG, Manoharan M. Multivalent N-acetylgalactosamine-conjugated siRNA localizes in hepatocytes and elicits robust RNAimediated gene silencing. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2014, 136(49): 16958-16961.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 by the authors.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
